Victoria Day (in
French:
Fête de la Reine), colloquially known as
May Two-four,
May Long, or
May Run, is a
Canadian statutory holiday celebrated on the last Monday before or on 24 May, in honour of both
Queen Victoria's birthday and the current reigning
Canadian sovereign's
official birthday. It has been marked since before
Canada
was formed, originally falling on the sovereign's actual birthday, and
continues to be celebrated across the country on a fixed date and in
various fashions, also being considered an informal mark of the
beginning of the summer season. As a federal holiday, Victoria Day is a
holiday for
Quebec; however, in 2003 the
government of Quebec made the provincial holiday of
National Patriots' Day always fall concurrently with Victoria Day.
The birthday of the monarch was a day for celebration in Canada long before
Confederation, with the first legislation regarding the event being in 1834 passed by the
parliament of the Province of Canada to officially recognize 24 May as the Queen's birthday.
[1] It was noted that on that date in 1854 – the 35th birthday of
Queen Victoria – some 5,000 residents of
Canada West gathered in front of
Government House (near present day
King and Simcoe Streets in
Toronto) to "give cheers to their queen,"
[2] and on Victoria Day 1866, the town of
Omemee, also in Canada West, mounted a day-long
fête to mark the occasion, including a gun salute at midnight, pre-dawn serenades,
picnics, athletic competitions, a display of illuminations, and a torch-light procession.
[3]
Following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, 24 May was by imperial decree made
Empire Day throughout the
British Empire,
while, over the ensuing decades, the official date in Canada of the
reigning sovereign's birthday changed through various royal
proclamations: for
Edward VII it continued by yearly proclamation to be observed on 24 May, but was 3 June for
George V, 23 June for
Edward VIII (their actual birthdays), and various days between 20 May and 14 June through
George VI's reign as
king of Canada.
Elizabeth II's first birthday as sovereign was the last to be celebrated in June; the haphazard format was abandoned in 1952, when the
Governor-General-in-Council moved Empire Day to the Monday before 25 May, and Elizabeth's official birthday in Canada was by regular
vice-regal proclamations made to fall on this same date every year between 1953 and 1957, when the link was made permanent.
[1] The following year, Empire Day was renamed
Commonwealth Day, and in 1977 it was moved to the second Monday in March, leaving the Monday before 24 May solely as Victoria Day.
The reigning Canadian monarch has been in Canada for his or her
official birthday twice: the first time being on 20 May 1939, when King
George VI was on a coast-to-coast tour of Canada and his official
birthday was celebrated with a
Trooping the Colour ceremony on
Parliament Hill.
[4] The second time was when Queen Elizabeth II was in Canada from 17 May to 25 May 2005, to mark the centennial of the entries of
Saskatchewan and
Alberta into
Confederation; no events were organized to acknowledge this fact.
Victoria Day celebrations were marred by tragedy in 1881, when a passenger ferry named
Victoria overturned in the
Thames River, near
London, Ontario.
The boat departed in the evening with 600 to 800 people on board –
three times the allowable passenger capacity – and capsized part way
across the river, drowning some 182 individuals, including a large
number of children who had been with their families for Victoria Day
picnics at
Springbank Park. The event came to be known as the
Victoria Day disaster.
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